Ethnicité et bouddhisme au Cambodge
Résumé
"Ethnicity and Buddhism in Cambodia"
This paper examines the relationship between ethnicity and theravadin Buddhism in Cambodia. Three perspectives have been chosen. First, religion is seen as a perception of the world and as “being-in-the-world”. From this point of view, the paper analyzes the influence of the karma theory, the role of the offerings and the role of the transfer of merits from living persons to the dead (bangskol). The second chapter sees religion as a part of the individual's identity. It describes the overlapping between religious and ethnic affiliations as well as the overlapping between social class and Buddhist sects (mohanikay and thommayut). The third part intends to show that monks are central social actors. It describes social life in pagodas, (which are central to the organization of the Khmer rural society) and then the participation of the monks in the social and political activities of the lay society.
This paper examines the relationship between ethnicity and theravadin Buddhism in Cambodia. Three perspectives have been chosen. First, religion is seen as a perception of the world and as “being-in-the-world”. From this point of view, the paper analyzes the influence of the karma theory, the role of the offerings and the role of the transfer of merits from living persons to the dead (bangskol). The second chapter sees religion as a part of the individual's identity. It describes the overlapping between religious and ethnic affiliations as well as the overlapping between social class and Buddhist sects (mohanikay and thommayut). The third part intends to show that monks are central social actors. It describes social life in pagodas, (which are central to the organization of the Khmer rural society) and then the participation of the monks in the social and political activities of the lay society.
L'article analyse les liens entre ethnicité et bouddhisme au Cambodge selon trois perspectives. D'abord, la religion comme représentation du monde et être-au-monde. De ce point de vue, il examine l'influence de la théorie du karma, le rôle de l'offrande et la pratique du transfert des mérites des vivants aux morts (bangskol). Le second point traite de la religion comme composante de l'identité vécue. Il décrit la superposition entre appartenance religieuse et ethnique d'une part et appartenance à une Ecole et hiérarchie sociale d'autre part. Enfin, le rôle social joué par les bonzes est abordé à travers la vie de la pagode, pivot de l'organisation de la société rurale khmère puis à travers la participation des moines à la vie sociale et politique de leur pays.
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