Le secteur pétrolier russe : le privé sous la houlette de l'Etat
Résumé
The reforms and privatisation programmes of the 1990s structured the Russian oil industry around a few large national and private companies. This organisational structure poses some questions in respect of the Russian authorities will to take back the oil sector. Three factors may explain this evolution. First, the Russian authorities want to ensure the long-term future of the oil industry by encouraging new strategies in exploration. Second, the government can use the oil sector to support economic growth. This would involve sharing out the rent in a different manner. Third, and it is e new but important factor, the State intends to use Russia's oil power in this international relationships with the United States, Europe and Asia (China, Japan, South Korea, and India). The future of the Russian oil industry has some importance for the stability of the international oil market. Could Russia produce 12 Mb/d and challenging the dominant position of the Saudi Arabia?
Les réformes des années quatre-vingt-dix, centrées sur de vastes programmes de privatisation, ont structuré l'industrie pétrolière russe autour de quelques grandes compagnies nationales et privées insérées dans un réseau de rapports de pouvoir complexes avec l'Etat fédéral et les Régions. Cette structure d'organisation incite à s'interroger sur les objectifs poursuivis par l'Etat concernant une industrie dite « stratégique ».
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